Pros and cons of using Windows containers instead of Linux containers for Docker?

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You HAVE to use a windows host for windows containers, however you can use either a Linux host or a Windows host for Linux containers. Since April 2018 you can even run both in parallel.

Will one option be faster than the other?

No. faster at what?

Does the decision affect usage of system resources (RAM, CPU)?

Windows uses more resources than Linux – Windows Nano is as small as it gets

Can I run the same images on both types?

No. you can run .NET apps in mono containers but you cannot start a windows container on a Linux host and vice versa – it’s not the same as virtualization

Is one more secure than the other?

Again – more secure at what? No.
They both run native Docker so it’s nothing like hyper-v vs VMware and more like Linux vs Windows so it all depends on what you are going to run .net, python, java, ruby etc.

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