Edit – Since Python 3.3, the u” literal works again, so the u() function isn’t needed. The best option is to make a method that creates unicode objects from string objects in Python 2, but leaves the string objects alone in Python 3 (as they are already unicode). import sys if sys.version < ‘3’: import … Read more
Situation in Python3 according to the docs: io.open(file, *[options]*) This is an alias for the builtin open() function. and While the builtin open() and the associated io module are the recommended approach for working with encoded text files, this module [i.e. codecs] provides additional utility functions and classes that allow the use of a wider … Read more
Here’s a list of things I can think of that make this dangerous, in rough order from worst to least bad: It’s likely to be confusing to someone reading or debugging your code. You won’t have gotten the right __init__ method, so you probably won’t have all of the instance variables initialized properly (or even … Read more
Found a blog post that reveals explicitly specifying TEST_RUNNER = ‘django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner’ in settings.py will stop this warning from occurring.
While the question is for Python 2.7 and already has an excellent answer, I had the same question for Python 3.3 and this thread was the closest thing to an answer I could find with Google. I found a better solution for Python 3.x by digging through the Python documentation, and I’m sharing my findings … Read more
__str__() is the old method — it returns bytes. __unicode__() is the new, preferred method — it returns characters. The names are a bit confusing, but in 2.x we’re stuck with them for compatibility reasons. Generally, you should put all your string formatting in __unicode__(), and create a stub __str__() method: def __str__(self): return unicode(self).encode(‘utf-8’) … Read more
Behind the scenes a scientific number notation is always represented as a float internally. The reason is the varying number range as an integer only maps to a fixed value range, let’s say 2^32 values. The scientific representation is similar to the floating representation with significant and exponent. Further details you can lookup in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point. … Read more
I ended up using jsbeautifier: import jsbeautifier opts = jsbeautifier.default_options() opts.indent_size = 2 jsbeautifier.beautify(json.dumps(d), opts) Output: { “a”: “blah”, “c”: [1, 2, 3], “b”: “foo” }
1) Keys must not be mutable, unless you have a user-defined class that is hashable but also mutable. That’s all that’s forced upon you. However, using a hashable, mutable object as a dict key might be a bad idea. 2) By not sharing values between the two dicts. It’s OK to share the keys, because … Read more
From the docs (see here): The standard streams are in text mode by default. To write or read binary data to these, use the underlying binary buffer. For example, to write bytes to stdout, use sys.stdout.buffer.write(b’abc’). But, as in the accepted answer, invoking python with a -u is another option which forces stdin, stdout and … Read more