What does it mean to do/determine something “programmatically”? [closed]

Doing something programatically generally means that you can do it using source code, rather than via direct user interaction or a macro. For example, consider the problem of resizing columns to fit in Excel. You could do it manually by double clicking between the columns, but that requires user interaction. You could use the excel …

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What does the quote “An extra level of indirection solves every problem” mean? [closed]

Generally it means that by increasing the level of abstraction one can make the problem easier to understand/resolve. Be careful with your abstractions though, the full quote at least as I heard it is, “You can solve every problem with another level of indirection, except for the problem of too many levels of indirection”.

What are practical guidelines for evaluating a language’s “Turing Completeness”?

You need some form of dynamic allocation construct (malloc ornew or cons will do) and either recursive functions or some other way of writing an infinite loop. If you have those and can do anything at all interesting, you’re almost certainly Turing-complete. The lambda calculus is equivalent in power to a Turing machine, and if …

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