The Visual C++ Refactoring extension is able to rename a member project-wide. Its built by MS but obviously they used the internal Code DOM to achieve this. So it is possible, I just don’t know how, yet.
The CppLister extension is able to read the intellisense databases created by VS to list the various members within a class.
You can always use the open source Clang C++ parser (actually compiler) and read the AST into a C# Object Model. See CppSharp and ClangSharp for C# bindings to Clang.