No, the standard Java collections API does not contain an implementation of a Fibonacci heap. I’m not sure why this is, but I believe it is because while Fibonacci heaps are asymptotically great in an amortized sense, they have huge constant factors in practice. The collections framework also doesn’t have a binomial heap, which would be another good heap to include.
As a totally shameless self-plug, I have an implementation of a Fibonacci heap in Java on my personal website. I’m not sure how useful it will be, but if you’re curious to see how it works I think it might be a good starting point.
Hope this helps!