The reason the connection is refused is that there is no process listening on port 82. The dockerfile used to create the nginx image exposes port 80, and in your pod spec you have also exposed port 82. However, nginx is configured to listen on port 80.
What this means is your pod has two ports that have been exposed: 80 and 82. The nginx application, however, is actively listening on port 80 so only requests to port 80 work.
To make your setup work using port 82, you need to change the nginx config file so that it listens on port 82 instead of 80. You can either do this by creating your own docker image with the changes built into your image, or you can use a configMap to replace the default config file with the settings you want