microformats, rdf or microdata
*Edit, May 2015: Times have changed… again. Schema.org seems the way to go, using either microdata (W3C note) or RDFa (W3C recommendation), where the RDFa Lite variant is easiest to learn. Meanwhile recently Microformats released a new version as well, which nobody is paying attention to currently. Also see the answer to What is the … Read more