The prefix ” cannot be redefined from ” to within the same start element tag

You need to indicate that the element Foo is part of the namespace http://schemas.foo.com. Try this:

XNamespace xNamespace = "http://schemas.foo.com";    
XNamespace xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance";
XElement foo = new XElement(
    xNamespace + "Foo", 
    new XAttribute("xmlns", "http://schemas.foo.com"),
    new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "xsi", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"),
    new XAttribute(xsi + "schemaLocation", "http://schemas.foo.com http://schemas.foo.com/Current/xsd/Foo.xsd")
    );