There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation
and naming things.— Phil Karlton
Depends on the company size.
Small businesses usually go for dashes and get the wildcard certificate.
So they would have dev.example.com, test.example.com
In larger enterprises they usually have a DNS infrastructure rolled out and the provisioning processes takes care of the assignment. It usually looks like
aws-eu-central-1.appName.staging.[teamName].example.com
They would either use their own self-signed certs with the CA on all servers or have the money for the SANs.
For more inspiration:
https://blog.serverdensity.com/server-naming-conventions-and-best-practices/