Why don’t C++ compilers do better constant folding?

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This is because Eigen explicitly vectorize your code as 3 vmulpd, 2 vaddpd and 1 horizontal reduction within the remaining 4 component registers (this assumes AVX, with SSE only you’ll get 6 mulpd and 5 addpd). With -ffast-math GCC and clang are allowed to remove the last 2 vmulpd and vaddpd (and this is what they do) but they cannot really replace the remaining vmulpd and horizontal reduction that have been explicitly generated by Eigen.

So what if you disable Eigen’s explicit vectorization by defining EIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE? Then you get what you expected (https://godbolt.org/z/UQsoeH) but other pieces of code might become much slower.

If you want to locally disable explicit vectorization and are not afraid of messing with Eigen’s internal, you can introduce a DontVectorize option to Matrix and disable vectorization by specializing traits<> for this Matrix type:

static const int DontVectorize = 0x80000000;

namespace Eigen {
namespace internal {

template<typename _Scalar, int _Rows, int _Cols, int _MaxRows, int _MaxCols>
struct traits<Matrix<_Scalar, _Rows, _Cols, DontVectorize, _MaxRows, _MaxCols> >
: traits<Matrix<_Scalar, _Rows, _Cols> >
{
  typedef traits<Matrix<_Scalar, _Rows, _Cols> > Base;
  enum {
    EvaluatorFlags = Base::EvaluatorFlags & ~PacketAccessBit
  };
};

}
}

using ArrayS12d = Eigen::Matrix<double,12,1,DontVectorize>;

Full example there: https://godbolt.org/z/bOEyzv

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