There is an extended test mode, invoked with the command line option -T, which does this. For example:
% sudo sshd -T | egrep -i 'allowusers|passwordauth|permitroot'
permitrootlogin yes
passwordauthentication yes
The option has existed in Portable OpenSSH since 2008, cf.
commit e7140f2. This was released with 5.1p1, made in July 2008, cf. release notes for 5.1, so it exists in pretty much all OpenSSH server installations supported today.